PTE

how much useful output or service a system provides for the energy it uses

to change from a liquid into vapor at the liquid's surface

the part of a structure that transfers its loads to the ground beneath it

motion in which gravity is the only significant force acting on an object

the number of complete cycles of a repeating event per unit of time

a contact force that opposes relative sliding, or the tendency to slide, between surfaces

a material's resistance to scratching or permanent surface indentation, measured by a specified test

the movement of energy between regions or objects because of a temperature difference

a material that strongly limits the movement of electric charge under specified conditions

energy associated with the motion of an object or system

the temperature at which a substance's solid and liquid forms can coexist in equilibrium at a specified pressure

a small piece or unit of matter, such as an atom, molecule, ion, or grain

energy associated with a system's position or configuration in an interaction

to make a structure stronger by adding support or material

to exert a force that tends to push another object away

the movement of an object turning about an axis

a sharp broken piece of a hard material such as glass or pottery

a physical form of matter, such as solid, liquid, or gas, associated with how its particles behave

made through chemical production rather than obtained directly from a natural source

a pulling force transmitted through a stretched rope, cable, or structural member

an increase in a material's dimensions as its temperature rises under specified conditions

a region containing very little matter, or ideally no matter at all

the rate at which position changes, including both speed and direction

repeated back-and-forth movement of an object or part of a system

the range of electromagnetic radiation that humans can normally see

the electric potential difference between two points, corresponding to energy change per unit charge

the distance between corresponding points in successive cycles of a wave

a substance that can donate a proton to another substance in an acid-base reaction

the smallest unit of an element that retains that element's chemical identity