PTE

definition specifying how a study concept will be observed or measured

specify observable procedures or measures for an abstract research concept

a method in which researchers join a group's activities while observing its members

record a study plan before observing the relevant outcomes

advance recording of a study plan before relevant outcomes are observed

experiment that randomly assigns study units to intervention and comparison conditions

capable of producing a sufficiently consistent finding in repeated studies

distortion arising from how study units are selected or retained

meeting a specified statistical threshold for incompatibility with a stated null model

result of meeting a stated statistical decision threshold under a specified model

the consistency of results when the same measure is given again under similar conditions

analysis that identifies and interprets patterns of meaning across material

compare or combine evidence from different methods or sources to examine a question

an animal such as a frog or salamander, typically with moist skin and a life cycle that begins in water

the maximum population size that an environment can sustain over time with its available resources and conditions

a green pigment in plants, algae, and some bacteria that absorbs light used in photosynthesis

an organized structure of DNA and associated proteins that carries genetic information in a cell

a pattern of movement, sound, or appearance used by an animal to attract or gain acceptance from a mate

shedding leaves during a particular season each year and growing new ones later

an organism, such as a fungus or bacterium, that obtains nutrients by breaking down dead organic material

to evolve into a greater variety of forms or lineages over successive generations

to change an animal population over generations so that it is suited to living with and being used by humans

a gene variant whose effect on a particular trait appears when it is paired with a recessive variant

the combination of conditions, resources, and ecological interactions through which a species lives and reproduces

change over time in the species and structure of a biological community as organisms establish, grow, and alter conditions

naturally occurring only in a particular geographical area

the joining of male and female reproductive cells to form the first cell of a new organism

to search an area for food

the complete collection of gene variants present in a population at a particular time