PTE

An approach that seeks to understand beliefs and practices within their own cultural context rather than imposing outside standards.

A long-term shift in a population from generally high birth and death rates to generally low ones.

An age-based ratio comparing people outside a defined working-age range with those within that range.

Behavior that departs from the norms of a particular group or society.

A dispersed population living outside an ancestral or former homeland while maintaining real or symbolic connections with it.

The tendency to judge other cultures by the standards of one's own, often treating one's own culture as superior.

a customary action connected with preparing, honoring, or burying a dead person

Change in a neighborhood involving higher-income newcomers and investment, often accompanied by rising costs and pressure on existing residents.

To marry across boundaries between social, cultural, religious, or other recognized groups.

an aristocratic social group whose wealth and influence depend largely on owning land

The use of money, time, or other resources to promote the welfare of others, especially through organized giving.

The exchange of actions, assistance, or resources in which people respond to what others provide.

A process in which religious institutions, beliefs, or practices become less influential in particular areas of social life.

Resources and opportunities available through social relationships, trust, and networks of cooperation.

The arrangement of society into layers with unequal access to resources, power, or social standing.

The estimated number of children a woman would have if she experienced a given period's age-specific fertility rates throughout her reproductive years.

the coins produced or used by a particular state or community

The ability to produce a good or service at a lower opportunity cost than another producer.

Describing demand or supply when a price change produces a larger percentage change in quantity, measured by magnitude.

the inland area connected economically to a port, city, or other center, especially the area supplying or receiving its goods

A market dominated by a small number of large sellers whose decisions affect one another.

A measure of how responsive quantity demanded or supplied is to price, calculated using percentage changes in quantity and price.

a fishery based on relatively small fishing operations, often using limited capital and supplying local livelihoods

The promotional practice of arranging for branded products to appear within entertainment content.

The loss of a job because the employer no longer needs that position, especially in British employment usage.

No longer needed in a job because the employer has removed the need for that position, especially in British usage.

to consider a dispute or issue and make an official decision about it

a ceremony in which a person is formally crowned as a king, queen, or other sovereign

a process in which a court examines whether an action or measure by a public authority is lawful or constitutional