PTE

To focus one's studies on a particular area within a broader subject.

An examination that students complete away from a supervised examination session and return by a deadline.

Not given a formal score or grade.

using careful examination of details and relationships to understand a problem

observed relationship between study variables or outcomes

initial reference measurement used for later comparison

a list of books, articles, and other sources used or consulted for academic work

detailed investigation of a particular case in its context

a planned research study that prospectively assigns people to one or more health interventions and evaluates health-related outcomes

statistical relationship in how two variables vary

a person, record, device, or system from which research information is obtained

pattern of how observations are spread across values or categories

to create a detailed written, visual, or audio record of something

involving deliberate manipulation of study conditions

the group in an experiment that receives the treatment or condition being tested

written records of events, behaviors, and impressions made during research in a natural setting

extend a study finding to a wider population or context

a proposed explanation or prediction that can be examined using evidence

observable measure used to represent a study concept

middle value or midpoint of the two middle values in ordered data

values intended for a study that were not observed or recorded

to check a subject repeatedly over time in order to notice changes

systematic watching and recording of study phenomena

a question that allows respondents to answer freely instead of selecting a fixed option

evaluation of research by suitably qualified researchers

the closeness of agreement among repeated measurement results under specified conditions

an original document, object, recording, or firsthand account used as direct evidence about the subject being studied

examining meanings or experiences through nonnumeric material

using numerical measurement and analysis in a study