TOEIC 어휘

a quotation whose stated price will not change during its validity period

확정 견적

an uncontrollable event that may excuse a party from performing contractual duties

불가항력

a contractual promise to protect another party against specified loss or liability

손해 보상 보장; 배상 약정

a preliminary quotation that guides planning but does not bind the seller

참고 견적; 잠정 견적

business spending made outside approved purchasing rules or vendor agreements

구매 규정을 벗어난 지출; 비승인 구매 지출

the smallest quantity of an item that a supplier will accept in one order

최소 주문 수량

formally assessed in advance and accepted as eligible for possible work

사전 자격 심사를 통과한

to obtain needed goods or services, often through a formal business process

조달하다; 구하다

the organized process of obtaining goods and services for an organization

조달; 구매 조달 절차

the complete sequence from identifying a need through ordering and final payment

조달 주기; 구매 조달의 전체 과정

a company that supplies a particular service to customers or organizations

서비스 제공업체

a formal rule or requirement included in a legal agreement

규정; 조항

something bought by a business or the act of buying it

구매; 구입한 물품

to buy goods or services for business use

구입하다; 구매하다

a formal buyer-issued document authorizing specified goods, quantities, prices, and terms

구매 주문서; 발주서

the business activity of obtaining goods and services for an organization

구매 업무

a set of organizational rules governing how goods and services are bought

구매 규정; 구매 정책

a formal statement showing the price and terms for proposed goods or services

견적서

an identifier assigned to a supplier's quotation for tracking and reference

견적서 번호

to state the price a seller will charge for goods or work

가격을 제시하다; 견적을 내다

able to meet agreed quality and delivery commitments consistently

신뢰할 수 있는; 믿을 만한

to continue a contract or agreement for an additional period

갱신하다; 재계약하다

the act of continuing a contract for another period

계약 갱신; 재계약

a contract section explaining whether and how the agreement will continue

갱신 조항; 재계약 조항

to provide a new price after requirements, quantities, or costs have changed

다시 견적을 내다; 재견적하다

an auction in which competing sellers lower prices to win a buyer's business

역경매

a formal document asking vendors to quote prices for specified goods or services

견적 요청서

a confidential bid kept unopened until the official submission period ends

밀봉 입찰; 비공개 입찰서

the separation of requesting, approving, receiving, and paying responsibilities among different people

직무 분리; 업무 권한 분리