TOEFL 어휘

sharing of practices and ideas between communities

문화 교류

have existed since a particular past time

…에 시작되다; …까지 거슬러 올라가다

work out the meaning of difficult writing

판독하다; 해독하다

relating to a ruling family and its continuity

왕조의; 통치 가문의

succession of rulers from the same family

왕조

release from slavery or comparable legal restrictions

해방; 노예 상태나 법적 구속에서 벗어남

territories controlled by a central ruling power

제국

systematically dig to expose archaeological remains

발굴하다; 파내다

gradually lose strength or prosperity

점차 쇠퇴하다

historical organization through land and personal obligations

봉건제

strongly defended military building or place

요새

custom followed in caring for and burying the dead

장례 풍습

troops stationed to defend a particular place

주둔군; 수비대

objects placed with a dead person at burial

부장품

person expected or entitled to inherit a title or property

상속인; 계승자

passed within a family by inheritance

세습되는; 상속되는

person who researches and writes about the past

역사학자; 역사 연구자

description or explanation of past events

역사 서술; 역사 기록

conditions of a period that help explain an event

역사적 맥락; 역사적 배경

relating to an empire or its ruler

제국의; 황제의

major shift toward machine production and factories

산업 혁명

soldiers trained to fight on foot

보병

words cut or written on a lasting surface

명문; 새겨진 글

belonging to the period between two wars

두 전쟁 사이의; 두 세계 대전 사이의

regional period marked by widespread iron use

철기 시대

state ruled by a king or queen

왕국

aristocratic class whose status rests on landholding

토지 귀족

free people or a place from oppressive control

해방하다; 억압이나 점령에서 벗어나게 하다

physical objects and spaces associated with a society

물질문화