TOEFL語彙

how clean or polluted the air is

空気の質；大気質

A precisely defined set of steps for solving a problem or performing a computation.

アルゴリズム；問題解決や計算を行うための明確な手順

A systematic pattern in a computer system's results that unfairly favors or disadvantages particular people or groups.

アルゴリズムの偏り；計算システムの結果が特定の人や集団を不公平に扱う系統的な傾向

immune reaction to normally harmless substance

アレルギー

to assign a share of available resources to a particular purpose or recipient

割り当てる；配分する

metallic material combining multiple elements

合金

An indirect reference to a known person, event, story, or work that adds meaning through association.

暗示的な引用；よく知られた人物、出来事、物語、作品に間接的に言及し、連想によって意味を加える表現

very close to a state, amount, or extent, but not quite reaching it

ほとんど；もう少しで

together with or in addition to another person or thing

～と一緒に；～に添えて；併せて含めたり伴ったりする表現

A set of letters, usually arranged in a conventional order, used to write the sounds of a language.

アルファベット。言語の音を書き表すための文字の集合で、通常は慣例的な順番で並べられます。

to make something different or become different, without necessarily changing it completely

変える；変わる；変更する

available as another possible choice instead of the usual or current one

代わりの；別の選択肢となる

One possible choice in place of another.

代替案；別の選択肢に代えて選べるもの

used to introduce another possible choice or way of doing something

あるいは；別の選択肢として

used to introduce a fact that makes the main statement seem surprising or less expected

～だけれども；～にもかかわらず

vertical height above a reference level

高度。標高。

Concern for other people's welfare that motivates help without seeking a personal reward.

利他主義；個人的な見返りを求めずに他人を気遣い、助けること

The possibility of more than one meaning or interpretation, or a particular instance of this.

曖昧さ。複数の意味や解釈が可能であること、またはその具体例。

Open to more than one plausible meaning or interpretation.

曖昧な。複数のもっともらしい意味や解釈が成り立つ。

formally change the wording of a law or document

改正する；修正する

a quantity of something considered as a mass rather than as separate countable items

量；総量

animal such as a frog or salamander

両生類

maximum wave or oscillation departure from equilibrium

振幅

similar in a relevant relationship or structure though different in other ways

類似した；関係や構造のある点が似ている

systematic examination of information

分析；データや証拠の構成・規則性・意味を理解する体系的な検討

examining parts carefully to understand relationships or causes

分析的な；各部分やその関係を詳しく調べる

sensitive laboratory instrument for measuring mass

分析天びん

examine data to understand it

分析する；関係・規則性・意味を見つけるため体系的に調べる

A tendency to rely too heavily on an initial value or piece of information when making a judgment.

アンカリング・バイアス；判断するとき、最初の数値や情報に頼りすぎる傾向