TOEFL語彙

to disagree with or challenge a claim, conclusion, or statement of fact

異議を唱える；主張を争う

A difference used to distinguish categories or ideas.

区別；区分；種類や考えを分けるための違い

having a feature that makes someone or something recognizable

際立った特徴のある；見分けやすい

to recognize or show the difference between people or things

区別する；見分ける

to give or spread something among several people, places, or parts of a system

配る；分配する；分散させる

including a range of different kinds or characteristics

多様な；異なる種類や特徴を含む

to separate a whole into parts or groups

分ける；部分や集団に区分する

a question opening that asks, often politely, whether someone happens to know, have, or do something

ひょっとして～でしょうか；知っているか、持っているかなどを控えめに尋ねる表現

Uncertainty about whether something is true, reliable, or likely to succeed.

疑い；真実か、信頼できるか、成功しそうかについての不確かさ

Not convinced that something is true, possible, or likely to succeed.

疑わしく思う；真実である、可能である、成功しそうだと確信していない

large and striking in its effect or extent

著しい；大きく目立つ；劇的な

to state or recognize a difference between ideas or categories that might otherwise be confused

区別する；違いを明確にする

A disadvantage that reduces the attractiveness of an option.

欠点；選択肢の魅力を下げる不利な点

to make a short, informal visit to a person or place

立ち寄る；気軽に短時間訪ねる

to take something to a place and leave it there for someone or for a stated purpose

届けて置いてくる；立ち寄って届ける

caused by or happening because of the factor named afterward

～が原因で；～のために

A change produced by an action or condition.

影響；効果；行動や条件によって生じる変化

producing the result that was intended

効果的な；意図した結果を生む

The degree to which intended results are achieved.

有効性；意図した結果を達成する程度

The extent to which time, energy, or other resources are used without waste.

効率；時間、労力などの資源を無駄なく使う程度

achieving a result without wasting time, effort, or resources

効率的な；時間、労力、資源の無駄が少ない

Physical or mental work directed toward a goal.

努力；目標に向けて費やす身体的、知的な労力

to explain an idea or statement in more detail

詳しく説明する；さらに述べる

to remove something completely, especially something unwanted

除去する；完全になくす

to appear or become known after previously being hidden, unclear, or absent

現れる；明らかになる；徐々に知られるようになる

newly developing or becoming established or more widely recognized

新興の；生まれつつある

Special importance or attention given to something.

重点；強調；特別な重要性や注意を置くこと

to give special importance or attention to a point or make it especially clear

強調する；特に重要だと示す

based on observation or experience rather than theory alone

実証的な；観察や経験に基づく