TOEFL語彙

exact and carefully defined, not necessarily true or correct

精密な；厳密に定義された

with exact detail or careful accuracy about what is meant or measured

正確に；厳密に；明確に

possible to expect or anticipate from known patterns or information

予測できる；予想のつく

A greater liking for one option than another.

好み；ほかの選択肢よりもあるものを好む傾向

Happening or being decided too early, before sufficient information or preparation is available.

時期尚早の；情報や準備が整う前に起こる、または決められる

A statement or idea used as a starting point in an argument or explanation.

前提；論証や説明の出発点となる記述や考え

to make someone or something ready for a particular activity or situation

準備する；準備が整うようにする

to give or show information, ideas, or results to an audience

提示する；発表する；示す

Used to present something as a reasonable assumption based on what is known, rather than as confirmed fact.

おそらく；察するに；既知の情報からの合理的だが未確認の推測として

common in a particular place, group, or period

広く行われている；普及している；一般的な

to stop something unwanted from happening or stop someone from doing something

防ぐ；阻止する

before the time or event being discussed

以前に；それまでに

mainly, especially in relation to a principal purpose, concern, or cause

主に；第一に

more important or central than other things in the context

主要な；最も重要な

a general rule or basic idea that guides reasoning, action, or the operation of something

原則；原理

before the time, event, or activity named afterward

～より前に；～に先立って

Something treated as more important or urgent than alternatives.

優先事項；ほかの事柄より重要、または緊急とされること

Used to say that something is likely to happen or be true, but is not certain.

おそらく；たぶん；確実ではないが起こる、または真実である可能性が高い

A difficulty that requires attention or a solution.

問題；注意や解決を必要とする困難

involving a difficulty that requires attention or makes success uncertain

問題のある；対処すべき困難を伴う

an established or specified set of steps for carrying out an activity

手順；手続き；規定の進め方

to continue an activity or move forward to its next stage

進める；次の段階へ進む

a series of actions or changes through which something happens or develops

過程；一連の流れ

to move forward in development or through successive stages

進む；進展する；段階を経て発展する

movement through a series of stages or levels

段階的な進行；発展の過程

A characteristic belonging to a thing or material, not ownership.

性質；属性；物や材料が備える特徴

related to another quantity by a constant ratio in the situation being described

比例する；別の量との比率が一定の

to put forward an idea, plan, or explanation for others to consider

提案する；案や説明を示す

to give or make available something that is needed or useful

提供する；用意する