TOEFL語彙

mass per unit volume of material

密度

An age-based ratio comparing people outside a defined working-age range with those within that range.

従属人口指数；定められた生産年齢の範囲外の人口と、その範囲内の人口との比率

needing or being determined by another person, thing, or condition

依存する；他の条件によって決まる

outcome measured for change

従属変数；他の変数に応じて変化するかを測定する結果

show or represent a subject in an image or artwork

描写する；画像やその他の芸術作品に表す

reduce the available quantity of a natural resource

枯渇させる；大幅に消耗させる

mental health condition with persistent low mood or loss of interest

うつ病；抑うつ障害

The ability to perceive distance and the three-dimensional arrangement of objects.

奥行き知覚；距離や物体の三次元的な位置関係を捉える能力

have an organism or group as an ancestor

〜を祖先とする；〜の子孫である

to say or write what someone or something is like

描写する；様子を言葉で述べる

spoken or written details about an item's appearance

描写；特徴の説明

explaining what something is like rather than why it occurs

記述的な；物事がどのようなものかを説明する

loss of land productivity in dry climates

砂漠化；乾燥地域の土地の劣化

planned arrangement of form and features for appearance or use

デザイン；外観や使い方に合わせて物や空間の形・特徴を計画すること

to plan the form, arrangement, or procedure of something before making or carrying it out

設計する；形や実施手順を計画する

requirement or limit restricting engineering options

設計上の制約；設計の制限条件

worth having or achieving because of expected benefits

望ましい；期待される利点があり、実現する価値がある

without being prevented or changed by the fact or situation mentioned

～にもかかわらず

place toward which someone or something is traveling

目的地。輸送先。

to remove something from another thing to which it is attached

取り外す；分離する；つながっている部分から切り離す

A small individual fact or feature of a larger whole.

細部；全体の中の個別の事実や特徴

providing many specific facts or small points of information

詳しい；多くの具体的な情報を含む

to discover the presence of something that is not immediately obvious

検出する；気付く；見つける

to become worse in condition, quality, or effectiveness

悪化する；質や状態が低下する

to find out something through investigation, reasoning, or calculation

突き止める；確かめる

different route used when the usual way is closed

迂回路

causing harm or making a situation worse

有害な；不利に働く

to gradually form, grow, or become more fully established, or cause something to do so

発展する；形成する；徐々に整える

the gradual formation or change of something as it becomes more fully established

発展；形成；徐々に整備すること