TOEFL語彙

only if the stated condition is satisfied

～という条件で；ただし～であれば

The reason for which something is done or used.

目的；何かを行う、または使う理由

To offer an idea, explanation, or proposal for others to consider.

提示する；考え・説明・提案を他の人に検討してもらうために示す

Limited by conditions or reservations rather than expressed without restriction.

条件付きの；留保や制限を伴う

concerned with qualities or descriptions rather than numerical amounts

質的な；数値よりも性質や記述を重視する

The degree of excellence or suitability, not a countable attribute.

質；品質；優れている、または目的に適している程度

concerned with amounts or information expressed in numbers

量的な；数値や数量で表す

an amount or number of something, especially when it can be measured or counted

量；数量

to express doubt about whether something is true, correct, or reasonable

疑問視する；妥当性を疑う

To bring a question or unresolved issue to someone's attention for consideration.

問題を提起する；問いや未解決の問題を検討してもらうために示す

chosen or occurring through chance rather than deliberate selection or arrangement

無作為の；意図的な選択や配置ではなく偶然に決まる

a variety of different things of the same general kind

さまざまな種類；一連のもの；範囲

happening or moving at a fast rate

速い；急速な；迅速な

not often or on very few occasions

めったに〜ない；まれに

instead of the alternative mentioned afterward

～ではなく；～するよりむしろ

a relationship between two quantities expressed by comparing their amounts, often in the form of one number to another

比；比率

The main reason or connected reasons explaining why a choice, plan, or action makes sense.

根拠；選択・計画・行動の妥当性を説明する主な理由や一連の理由

To come to a shared general agreement within a group.

合意に達する；集団内でおおむね共通した意見に至る

A fact or explanation that accounts for an action or belief.

理由；行動を説明したり考えを支えたりする根拠

fair or sensible in light of the circumstances and available information

合理的な；状況や根拠、公平さに照らして妥当な

The process of using reasons and connections between ideas to reach a judgment or conclusion.

推論；理由や考えのつながりを使って判断や結論を導く過程

A response that tries to show why an argument, accusation, or claim is wrong or insufficient.

反論；論証・非難・主張が誤っている、または不十分である理由を示そうとする応答

involving an action or relationship that works in both directions

互いに応じ合う；双方向の

to happen again, especially repeatedly or at intervals

再び起こる；繰り返し生じる

to make an amount, size, degree, or extent smaller

減らす；下げる；小さくする

to mention something or direct attention to it

言及する；注意を向ける

to improve an idea, method, or design through small, careful changes

細かく改良する；より精密にする

to change a system or practice with the intention of improving it

改革する；改善を目指して制度や慣行を変える

to show through evidence or reasoning that a claim or explanation is false

論破する；誤りを証明する