TOEFL語彙

to a smaller degree than the case or factor used for comparison

より小さい程度に；影響などがより少なく

Used to introduce a more precise explanation, detail, or example of what was just said.

より具体的に言うと；直前の内容について、より正確な説明・細部・例を導く表現

used to introduce the first point or step in an explanation, discussion, or set of instructions

まず初めに；説明、議論、指示の最初の点や段階を導く表現

Used to restate an idea in different words to make it clearer or show another angle.

言い換えると；内容を明確にしたり別の角度から示したりするために述べ直す表現

to a limited degree, rather than fully or without qualification

ある程度は；部分的には

used to introduce a brief restatement of the main points of a discussion

要約すると；議論の要点を簡潔にまとめる表現

the amount or number obtained by adding all the relevant parts

合計；総数；総量

A situation in which gaining one benefit involves giving up another.

トレードオフ；ある利点を得るために別の利点を諦める関係

to change substantially in form, character, or use, or cause such a change

大きく変える；変容する；作り変える

a substantial change in the form, character, or use of something

変容；大幅な変化；改変

the process of changing from one state, stage, or arrangement to another

移行；過渡期；転換

to submit a document or other required material to the person or office responsible for receiving it

提出する；届け出る

double the number of countable people or things in the comparison

～の2倍の数の

having features commonly associated with a class or situation

典型的な；ある種類によく見られる特徴を持つ

in the way that is usual or characteristic of a group or situation

通常は；典型的には

Not sure about something, or not clearly known or decided.

確信のない；不確かな；まだ明らかでない、または決まっていない

A lack of definite knowledge or confidence about an outcome.

不確実さ；結果を明確に知る、または確信することができない状態

to experience a process or change as the person or thing affected by it

経験する；過程や変化を受ける

To weaken the strength, credibility, or effectiveness of something.

弱める；力・信頼性・有効性を損なう

Knowledge of the meaning or operation of something.

理解；意味や仕組みについての認識

not the same in amount, size, degree, or status in the relevant comparison

等しくない；比較する量、程度、地位などが異なる

Not supported by good reasons or evidence.

根拠のない；十分な理由や証拠に支えられていない

the same across the parts or cases being compared in a particular respect

均一な；統一された；一様な

except if the stated condition is true or becomes true

～でない限り；もし～でなければ

different from the person, thing, or situation mentioned

～とは異なり；～と違って

Not expected to happen or be true, though still possible.

可能性が低い；起こらない、または真実でないと予想されるが、可能性は残る

up to the time when the event in the following clause happens

～するまでずっと

different from what is common or expected

珍しい；通常の状況や予想とは異なる

as much or as many as a stated maximum, without necessarily reaching it

最大で；多くて；〜まで