TOEFL語彙

An action performed through language, such as requesting, promising, apologizing, or refusing.

発話行為。依頼、約束、謝罪、拒否など、言語を通して行う行為。

A group of lines forming a unit within a poem, often separated from other groups by space.

詩の連；詩の中で一まとまりを成し、通常は空白で区切られる複数の詩行

The grammatical matching of a verb with its subject in features such as person and number.

主語と動詞の一致。人称や数などの文法的特徴において、動詞が主語に一致すること。

A unit of spoken rhythm organized around a vowel sound or another sound that can serve a similar central role.

音節。母音、または同様に中心的な役割を果たせる音を核としてまとまった、話し言葉のリズム上の単位。

To stand for an idea or quality through an object, action, or image.

象徴する；物、行動、イメージによって考えや性質を表す

A word with the same or a similar meaning to another word in a particular context.

同義語。特定の文脈で、別の語と同じ、または近い意味を持つ語。

The rules and patterns governing how words combine into phrases and sentences.

統語法。語を句や文に組み立てる規則やパターン。

The process of expressing content in another language, or the version produced by that process.

翻訳。内容を別の言語で表す過程、またはその結果できた訳。

The ways participants organize who contributes and when during a conversation or other interaction.

発話交替。会話やその他のやり取りで、誰がいつ発言するかを参加者が調整する仕組み。

A narrator whose account gives readers reason to question its accuracy, understanding, or judgment.

信頼できない語り手；語る内容の正確さ、理解、判断を読者に疑わせる語り手

An instance of spoken or signed language produced in a particular situation, which need not be a complete sentence.

発話。特定の状況で話された、または手話で表されたひとまとまりの言語で、完全な文とは限りません。

A speech sound produced with a relatively open vocal tract, without the narrowing or blockage typical of consonants.

母音。声道が比較的開いた状態で発せられ、子音のような顕著な狭めや閉鎖を伴わない音。

The arrangement of words within a phrase or sentence.

語順。句や文の中での語の並び方。

The greater prominence given to one syllable relative to others within a spoken word.

語強勢。一つの語の中で、ある音節がほかの音節より目立つこと。

An organized set of signs and conventions used to represent a language in written form.

書記体系。言語を書き表すための、組織立った記号と規則の体系。