TOEFL語彙

Poetry that does not follow a fixed regular meter and allows flexible line lengths and sound patterns.

自由詩；固定された規則的な韻律に従わず、行の長さや音のパターンを柔軟にする詩

A category of literary or other artistic work with recognizable conventions of form, subject, or style.

ジャンル；形式、題材、様式に共通の慣例が見られる作品の分類

The patterns and rules by which a language forms words, phrases, and sentences.

文法。言語において語、句、文を組み立てる規則やパターン。

Following the structural rules of a particular language or language variety.

文法にかなっている。ある言語や言語変種の構造上の規則に従っている。

A system of noun classes reflected in agreement with other words, often labeled masculine, feminine, or neuter.

文法上の性。他の語との一致に表れる名詞の分類体系で、男性、女性、中性などと呼ばれます。

A language connected with a person's family or community background that differs from the dominant language of the surrounding society.

継承語。個人の家庭や共同体の背景に結びつき、周囲の社会で主流の言語とは異なる言語。

An established expression whose overall meaning cannot be reliably worked out from its individual words alone.

慣用句。個々の語の字義だけからは全体の意味を確実に推測できない、定着した表現。

Descriptive language that evokes sensory experience, including sights, sounds, smells, tastes, or touch.

イメージ表現；視覚、聴覚、嗅覚、味覚、触覚などの感覚を呼び起こす描写

To change a word's form to express grammatical information such as tense, number, or case.

語を屈折させる。語形を変えて、時制、数、格などの文法情報を表す。

The pattern of rising and falling voice pitch across a spoken phrase or sentence.

イントネーション。話された句や文における声の高さの上がり下がりのパターン。

A system of words or signs and rules that people use to communicate and express thought.

言語；意思疎通や思考の表現に使う語や記号と規則の体系

The process through which a person develops knowledge and use of a language.

言語習得。ある言語の知識を身につけ、使えるようになっていく過程。

Interaction between speakers or communities using different languages, which can influence their language use.

言語接触。異なる言語を使う人や集団の交流で、その言語使用に影響を与えることがあります。

A group of languages understood to have developed from a common ancestral language.

語族。共通の祖先言語から発達したと考えられる言語の集まり。

Relating to language, its structure and use, or the study of language.

言語の。言語学の。

The systematic scientific study of human language, including its structure, use, development, and variation.

言語学。人間の言語の構造、使用、発達、変異を体系的に研究する学問。

Using the basic or direct meaning of words rather than a figurative interpretation.

文字どおりの。本来の直接的な意味の。比喩ではない。

Connected with literature or the ways in which literary works are written and studied.

文学の；文学の創作や研究に関わる

Written or oral works valued as artistic expression, such as novels, poems, and traditional stories.

文学；芸術的表現として価値を持つ書かれた作品や口承の作品

A word adopted into one language from another, often with changes in pronunciation, spelling, or use.

借用語。ほかの言語から取り入れられた語で、発音、つづり、使い方が変わることもあります。

Using written signs that represent words or morphemes rather than only individual speech sounds.

表語文字の。個々の音だけではなく、語や形態素を表す文字記号を使う。

An expression that describes one thing as another to suggest a similarity rather than a literal identity.

隠喩；一つの物事を別の物事として表し、共通点を暗示する表現

An organized rhythmic pattern in verse, often based in English on arrangements of stressed and unstressed syllables.

韻律；英語では主に強勢のある音節とない音節の配列に基づく、詩の規則的なリズム

Two words in a language that differ in only one speech sound in the same position and have different meanings.

最小対。同じ言語で、同じ位置の一つの音だけが異なり、意味も異なる二つの語。

The smallest language unit that pairs a form with meaning or a grammatical function.

形態素。形と意味または文法的機能が結びついた、言語の最小単位。

The study or system of word structure, including the meaningful parts from which words are formed.

形態論。語の構造や、意味を持つ構成要素を研究する分野、またはその体系。

Able to use several languages, or involving the use of several languages.

多言語を使える。複数の言語に関わる。

To tell a story or describe a connected sequence of events.

語る；一連の出来事を叙述する

A connected account of events presented as a story, whether invented or based on experience.

物語；一連の出来事を筋の通った話として提示する叙述