TOEFL語彙

required to explain official decisions and accept responsibility

説明責任を負う；責任を問われる立場にある

formally find a defendant not guilty

無罪とする；無罪の判断を下す

formally decide a dispute or legal issue

裁定する；審理して判断を下す

formally change the wording of a law or document

改正する；修正する

dispute resolution through a decision by a selected third party

仲裁

concentrating political power and restricting opposition

権威主義的な；専制的な

paper or electronic form used to record a vote

投票用紙；電子投票の記入フォーム

proposed law submitted for legislative consideration

法案

supported by or involving two political parties

二つの政党が関わる；両党の支持を受けた

group of senior government ministers

内閣

organized effort to win support in an election

選挙運動

arrangements allowing institutions to limit one another's powers

抑制と均衡；相互に権力を制限する仕組み

legal membership of a country with associated rights and duties

市民権；国籍；国の法的な構成員としての地位

relating to citizens and their role in public life

市民の；市民の公共生活に関する

participation in community and public affairs

市民参加；公共的な活動への参加

basic freedoms protected against unjustified state interference

市民的自由；基本的な自由

rights to equal legal treatment and participation in society

公民権；法律上の平等な扱いや社会参加を保障する権利

person employed in civilian government administration

公務員

alliance of political groups working together

連合；連立政権を組む政党の連合

district whose voters elect a representative

選挙区

fundamental rules organizing a state and public authority

憲法；国の基本的な統治原則

formal change to a constitution

憲法改正；憲法修正条項

formally find someone guilty of a criminal offense

有罪と認定する

official direction issued by a court

裁判所命令

transfer decision-making powers away from central control

権限を地方に移す；分権化する

person or organization facing a legal case

被告；刑事事件の被告人

political system in which the people exercise governing authority

民主主義；民主政体

unjust unequal treatment based on group characteristics

差別；不公平な区別や扱い

legally required fair procedures for government actions affecting protected interests

適正手続；法が求める公正な手続き