TOEFL語彙

choose a representative or officeholder by voting

選挙で選ぶ；選出する

people entitled to vote in a particular election

有権者全体；有権者層

organizations responding to urgent threats to safety or health

緊急対応機関；救急・消防などの機関

formally make a proposal into law

法律を制定する

make people follow a law or official rule

施行する；規則などを守らせる

legal right to receive a specified benefit or service

法律や規則に基づき給付やサービスを受ける権利

part of government that carries out laws and policies

行政府；政府の行政部門

make practical use of a legally recognized freedom or entitlement

権利を行使する

relating to a union with central and regional governments

連邦の；連邦制の

right to express ideas without unjustified interference

言論の自由

organized by ordinary community members rather than central leaders

草の根の；一般市民が始めた

occupy a formal position of governmental authority

公職に就く

not unfairly favoring either side in a decision

公正な；偏りのない

currently holding a particular elected or official position

現職の；現任の

official examination to assess conditions or compliance

検査；点検

relating to courts judges or legal decisions

司法の；裁判所に関する

court examination of the lawfulness of public action

司法審査

courts and judges considered as an institution

司法府；裁判所と裁判官から成る司法機関

legal authority over a case area or subject

管轄権

allowed by the applicable law

適法な；法律上認められた

civil legal action brought before a court

民事訴訟

creating obligations enforceable under law

法的拘束力のある

make laws through legislative action

立法する；法律を定める

relating to making laws or a lawmaking body

立法の；立法機関に関する

institution with authority to make laws

立法府；立法機関

seek to influence officials on a public decision

政策決定者に働きかける；ロビー活動をする

decision supported by more than half of the relevant votes

過半数による議決；過半数の賛成票

required by an official rule or authority

義務付けられた；強制的な

dependent on an assessment of financial resources

所得や資産の審査を条件とする