TOEFL語彙

government department responsible for a policy area

省；特定の政策分野を担当する政府機関

relating to the government of a town or city

市や町の自治体に関する

legal process of acquiring citizenship after birth

帰化；国籍の取得

formally propose a person for a position or election

指名する；候補者として推薦する

law made by a local government

条例；地方政府が制定する法令

supervision and scrutiny of official activities

監督；監視

national lawmaking assembly in parliamentary systems

議会；国会

official document authorizing a particular activity

許可証；許可

formally request action from an authority

請願する；正式に要請する

limited initial program used to assess a proposed approach

試験的な事業；試行プログラム

person or organization bringing a civil lawsuit

原告

tool used by government to pursue a policy objective

政策手段

earlier court decision guiding later similar cases

判例；先例

requirement to treat an accused person as innocent until guilt is proved

無罪推定

relating to the steps required to make an official decision

手続き上の；手続きに関する

electoral arrangements linking seats to vote share

比例代表制

bring and pursue a criminal case against someone

起訴する；刑事訴追を行う

organization and operation of government services and policies

行政；公共サービスや政策の運営・管理

process of seeking people's views before a public decision

市民への意見聴取；広く意見を募る手続き

money spent by government on services and other purposes

公共支出；政府支出

open official meeting for receiving statements on an issue

公聴会

welfare or benefit of the community as a whole

公共の利益；公益

money received by government

政府の収入；公的収入

service provided for the benefit of a community

公共サービス

organization supplying an essential service to the public

公益事業者

formally approve an agreement or constitutional change

批准する；正式に承認する

direct vote by the electorate on a particular proposal

国民投票；住民投票

complete the required process to enter a voter register

有権者登録をする

public body responsible for rules in a particular activity

規制機関；監督機関