TOEFL語彙

formally give up a throne

退位する

belonging to a very distant historical period

古代の；大昔の

formally take a territory into another state

併合する；領土を取り込む

the ancient past especially classical civilizations

古代；古典古代

distinct deposit preserving traces of past activity

考古学的な堆積層；過去の活動の痕跡を含む層

place preserving evidence of past human activity

考古遺跡

study of past societies through physical remains

考古学

collection of preserved historical records

文書資料のコレクション；記録保管庫

agreement to stop fighting

休戦協定；戦闘停止の合意

object made or modified by people in the past

人工物；遺物

surround a defended place to force surrender

包囲する；包囲して孤立させる

regional period marked by widespread bronze use

青銅器時代

raised earth covering one or more graves

墳丘；墓を覆う土や石の盛り上がり

place where dead people were buried

埋葬地；遺体を葬った場所

group traveling together with pack animals or vehicles

隊商；一団となって旅をする人々

soldiers trained to fight while mounted on horses

騎兵

government directed from a single central authority

中央集権的な統治

arranged in the order events happened

年代順の；時間順に並べられた

the order and timing of past events

年代順；年表

independent state consisting of a city and nearby land

都市国家

large organized society with developed institutions

文明；文明社会

coins issued or used by a state or community

貨幣；ある国や共同体で発行・使用される硬貨

control of a territory by an outside power

植民地支配

establish outside political control over a territory

植民地化する；外部の勢力として支配を確立する

territory controlled by a power based elsewhere

植民地

begin to control a government or state

政権に就く；権力を握る

honor the memory of a person or past event

記念する；記憶にとどめ、敬意を表する

take control of a place through military force

征服する；武力で占領する

ceremony formally crowning a ruler

戴冠式