TOEFL語彙

The allocation of attention to more than one task or source of information.

分割的注意；複数の課題や情報源に注意を配分すること

A feeling such as joy, anger, or fear, often involving changes in thought, body, and behavior.

感情；思考・身体・行動の変化を伴うことが多い気持ち

Processes that influence which emotions occur, how strongly or how long they are felt, or how they are expressed.

感情調整；感情の生じ方、強さ、持続時間、表し方に影響する過程

To understand and relate to another person's feelings or experiences from their perspective.

共感する；相手の立場に立ってその人の気持ちを理解する

The ability to understand another person's feelings or experience them from that person's perspective.

共感；相手の立場からその人の気持ちを理解する力

Memory of personally experienced events, including their setting and a sense of having lived through them.

エピソード記憶；自分が経験した出来事と、その状況についての記憶

Coming from outside an activity itself, especially as a separate reward or reason for doing it.

外発的な；活動そのもの以外の報酬や結果による

A person who tends to seek social interaction and stimulation from people and activities around them.

外向的な人；人との交流や外部に働きかける活動を好む傾向がある人

A recollection of an event or detail that did not happen as remembered.

虚偽記憶；実際には起こらなかった、または覚えているとおりには起こらなかった出来事や細部の記憶

A rapid bodily response to a perceived threat that prepares a person or animal to confront it or escape.

闘争・逃走反応；脅威を感じたとき、それに立ち向かうか逃げるかに備える素早い身体反応

To direct attention toward a particular subject, activity, or feature.

注意を集中する；焦点を当てる

To be unable to bring information to mind or fail to remember something that should be done.

忘れる；思い出せない；するのを忘れる

Often failing to remember things.

忘れっぽい；物忘れをしやすい

A change in judgment caused by the way the same or equivalent information is presented.

フレーミング効果；同じ、または等価な情報でも、提示の仕方によって判断が変わること

To make someone feel upset or irritated because they cannot do what they are trying to do.

いら立たせる；進行を妨げることで不満を感じさせる

The unhappy or irritated feeling that occurs when progress or an intended goal is blocked.

欲求不満；目標の達成を妨げられたときに生じるいら立ちや不満

A pattern in which a group's desire for agreement interferes with careful evaluation of ideas and alternatives.

集団思考；意見の一致を求めすぎて、慎重な評価が妨げられる集団の意思決定パターン

A reduction in response to a stimulus after repeated exposure to it.

馴化；同じ刺激に繰り返し接することで反応が弱まること

A perception that differs from the physical properties of the thing being perceived.

錯覚；対象の実際の特徴とは異なる知覚

To copy the actions, sounds, or behavior of another person.

まねる；他の人の動作・音声・行動を模倣する

The copying of another person's actions or behavior.

模倣；他の人の動作や行動をまねること

A sudden urge to do something, often without prior planning.

衝動；突然生じる、行動したいという気持ち

Acting quickly in response to an urge without much consideration of the consequences.

衝動的な；結果を十分に考えず、すぐに行動する

An expected benefit or reward that encourages someone to take a particular action.

誘因；行動を促す期待される利益や報酬

A clear understanding of a problem or relationship that was not previously obvious.

洞察；問題や関係についての深い理解

Arising from the interest or satisfaction of an activity itself rather than from an outside reward.

内発的な；活動そのものへの興味や満足から生じる

A person who tends to be more oriented toward inner thoughts and quieter, less socially stimulating activities.

内向的な人；内面での思考や静かな活動を好む傾向がある人

An immediate feeling or understanding that arises without deliberate step-by-step reasoning.

直感；意識的に順を追って考えずに生じる感覚や判断

Based on an immediate feeling or understanding rather than conscious step-by-step reasoning.

直感的な；段階的な推論ではなく直接の理解に基づく