TOEFL語彙

cloud of gas and dust in space

星雲

move along a gravitationally bound path

軌道を回る；周回する

move repeatedly about an equilibrium position

振動する；往復運動する

moving component fitting inside a cylinder

ピストン

major nearly round body orbiting a star

惑星

energy associated with position or configuration

位置エネルギー；ポテンシャルエネルギー

rate of energy transfer or work

仕事率；出力

grooved wheel guiding a rope or belt

滑車；プーリー

send incident light back from a surface

反射する

change light direction through change of optical medium

屈折する；屈折させる

strengthen a structure with added support or material

補強する；構造の強度を高める

exert a force pushing an object away

反発する；斥力を及ぼす

enhanced response to driving near a natural frequency

共振；共鳴

turn about an axis

回転する；回転させる

turning motion about an axis

回転；自転

ratio of capacity to expected demand in design

安全率

natural or artificial object orbiting a larger body

衛星

moon blocks part or all of sun from observers view

日食

sun and objects gravitationally associated with it

太陽系

mechanical disturbance traveling through a medium

音

vehicle designed to travel or operate in space

宇宙機；宇宙船

rate of distance traveled without direction

速さ；速度の大きさ

self gravitating luminous body sustained by fusion during active life

恒星

force or action that a structure must support

構造荷重

powerful stellar explosion

超新星；超新星爆発

instrument collecting radiation from distant objects

望遠鏡

pulling force transmitted through a stretched member

張力；引張力

planet with a rocky solid surface

地球型惑星；岩石惑星

turning effect of a force about an axis

トルク；力のモーメント