TOEFL語彙

declining ocean pH as seawater takes up carbon dioxide

海洋酸性化

large-scale flow of seawater in a particular direction

海流

ground staying at or below freezing for at least two consecutive years

永久凍土

allowing fluid to move through connected spaces

透水性のある；浸透を許す

reduce fossil fuel use progressively until it ends

化石燃料の使用を段階的に廃止する

zone where tectonic plates meet

プレート境界

substance that contaminates air, water, or land

汚染物質

harmful substances or energy introduced into the environment

汚染

water falling to the surface as rain, snow, or other forms

降水

wind direction occurring most often in a location

卓越風；その地域で最もよく吹く方向の風

geographical area set aside to protect natural features

保護地域

add water to an aquifer or saturated groundwater system

（地下水・帯水層を）涵養する；水を補給する

process used materials so they can be used again

リサイクルする；再生利用する

restoring forest cover where forest existed before

再造林；森林の再生

able to be replenished naturally within a useful timescale

再生可能な

return damaged wetlands toward a functioning natural condition

湿地を復元する

have a glacier's front shift backward as ice loss exceeds advance

（氷河の末端が）後退する

use an item again for the same or a new purpose

再利用する；繰り返し使う

water moving over the surface toward streams or other outlets

地表流；表面流出水

amount of dissolved salts in water

塩分濃度；塩分

height of the sea surface used to describe coastal water levels or elevation

海面；海水面

loose material transported or deposited by water, wind, or ice

堆積物

rock formed by sediment accumulation or mineral deposition

堆積岩

remove carbon from circulation and hold it in storage

（炭素を）隔離する；貯留する

wastewater carrying human waste from buildings

下水；生活排水

haze formed by pollutants in the air

スモッグ；大気汚染によるもや

abnormal coastal water rise caused by a storm

高潮；嵐による海面の異常な上昇

able to continue without undermining the natural resources it depends on

持続可能な

large moving section of Earth's rigid outer layer

プレート；地球表層の岩盤