TOEFL語彙

upper covering formed by a plant community's leaves

葉の林冠；頭上を覆う葉の層

successive stages in an organism's development and reproduction

生活環；ライフサイクル

animal of the class whose females produce milk

哺乳類

join with another animal for sexual reproduction

交配する

transformation from an immature form into a different adult form

変態（発育に伴う体の変化）

organism too small to see without magnification

微生物

move regularly between habitats or regions

（動物が）移動する；渡る；回遊する

regular seasonal movement between habitats

動物の移動；渡り；回遊

made up of many cells

多細胞の

change in an organism's DNA sequence

突然変異；DNA配列の変化

species occurring naturally in a particular area

在来種

spread of advantageous inherited traits

自然選択

active mainly during the night

夜行性の；主に夜に活動する

cell structure containing most genetic material

細胞核

circulation of nutrients through organisms and their surroundings

養分循環；栄養塩循環

young produced by an organism

子孫；子；幼体

animal that eats both plant and animal food

雑食動物

individual living thing

生物；生命体

organism that obtains resources from and harms a host

寄生生物；寄生虫

use of light energy to produce sugars

光合成

fine grains involved in seed-plant reproduction

花粉

transfer pollen so a flower can be fertilized

〜に受粉させる；花粉を運ぶ

transfer of pollen enabling fertilization

受粉；花粉の媒介

number of organisms within a unit of space

個体群密度；人口密度

animal that captures other animals for food

捕食者；捕食動物

animal or animals hunted and eaten by a predator

獲物；被食者

gene variant whose trait effect is masked by a dominant variant

潜性（劣性）対立遺伝子

free nutrients for use by other organisms

養分を放出する

produce new individuals of the same kind

（生物が）繁殖する；子孫を生む