TOEFL語彙

way a species uses resources and interacts with its environment

生態的地位；ニッチ

gradual change in the species making up a community

生態的遷移；群落遷移

community interacting with its physical environment

生態系

in serious danger of becoming extinct

絶滅の危機にある

naturally found only within a particular area

（ある地域に）固有の

having green leaves throughout the year

常緑の

change in inherited traits across generations

進化

change genetically over successive generations

進化する

permanent disappearance of a species

絶滅

joining of reproductive cells to begin a new organism

受精

sequence of organisms transferring energy through feeding

食物連鎖

interconnected feeding relationships in an ecosystem

食物網

move around searching for food

餌を探す；採餌する

fossil evidence of life through geological time

化石記録

organism such as a mushroom, mold, or yeast

菌類；真菌

unit of hereditary information in DNA

遺伝子

all gene variants present in a population

遺伝子プール（個体群内の遺伝子変異の総体）

chance-driven change in population gene frequencies

遺伝的浮動

genetic differences among members of a population

遺伝的変異；遺伝的な違い

begin to grow from a seed

発芽する

place and conditions where an organism normally lives

生息地；生育環境

come out of an egg

孵化する；卵からかえる

animal whose diet consists mainly of plant material

草食動物；植物食動物

passed from parents to offspring through genes

遺伝性の；遺伝によって伝わる

spend an extended period with greatly reduced activity and metabolism

冬眠する

organism on or in which a parasite lives

宿主

characteristic passed genetically from parents

遺伝形質

introduced species whose spread causes harm

侵略的外来種

animal that lacks a backbone

無脊椎動物