生物学・進化・生態学 / Species
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vertebrate
animal belonging to the group with backbones
n.L2 重点学習C1
脊椎動物
英語の定義 an animal with a backbone, such as a fish, amphibian, reptile, bird, or mammal
TOEFL語彙
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語彙（105）
reptile
n. · B2 · L2animal such as a snake, lizard, turtle, or crocodile
爬虫類
resistant
adj. · B2 · L1able to withstand a disease, chemical, or other harmful influence
抵抗力のある；〜に強い
root system
n. · B2 · L1all of a plant's roots considered together
根系
seed dispersal
n. · B2 · L2spread of seeds away from the parent plant
種子散布
selective pressure
n. · C1 · L2environmental factor favoring some inherited traits
選択圧
sexual reproduction
n. · B2 · L2production of offspring through the joining of reproductive cells
有性生殖
species
n. · B1 · L1interbreeding group under the biological species concept
種；生物種
survive
v. · B1 · L1stay alive through difficult conditions
生き残る；生存する
symbiosis
n. · C1 · L3close and persistent association between different species
共生（異種の生物間の密接で持続的な関係）
terrestrial
adj. · C1 · L2living on land rather than in water
陸生の；陸上に生息する
territorial
adj. · B2 · L2defending an area against other animals
縄張り意識のある；縄張りを守る
thrive
v. · B2 · L1grow or develop very well
よく育つ；繁栄する
tissue
n. · B2 · L1cells organized to perform a biological function
（生物の）組織
tolerate
v. · B2 · L1withstand an unfavorable condition without serious harm
（不利な環境に）耐える；耐性を持つ
vertebrate
n. · C1 · L2animal belonging to the group with backbones
脊椎動物