TOEFL語彙

become suited to environmental conditions

（生物が）適応する

inherited feature improving survival or reproduction

適応的な形質

animal such as a frog or salamander

両生類

living or growing in water

水生の；水中に生息する

reproduction without fusion of sex cells

無性生殖

one organism belonging to the bacteria

細菌（単数形）

variety of genes, species, and ecosystems

生物多様性

reproduce and produce young

繁殖する；子を生む

period when animals normally reproduce

繁殖期

appearance that makes an organism hard to notice

カモフラージュ；保護色

animal whose diet consists mainly of other animals

肉食動物

maximum population size an environment can sustain

環境収容力；環境が維持できる個体数の上限

basic structural and functional unit of life

細胞

process in which one cell produces new cells

細胞分裂

boundary regulating movement into and out of a cell

細胞膜

green pigment involved in photosynthesis

葉緑素；クロロフィル

cellular structure carrying genetic material

染色体

live in the same environment at the same time

共存する

ancestral organism shared by different descendants

共通祖先

seek a limited resource also needed by other organisms

（限られた資源を）奪い合う；〜をめぐって競争する

visible or audible behavior used in attracting a mate

求愛ディスプレイ；求愛のための誇示行動

losing leaves during a regular season

落葉性の；季節的に葉を落とす

decay or cause organic material to break down

分解する；分解される；腐敗する

organism obtaining nutrients by breaking down dead organic matter

分解者

have an organism or group as an ancestor

〜を祖先とする；〜の子孫である

develop into a greater variety of evolutionary forms

多様化する；多様な形に進化する

molecule that stores hereditary instructions

デオキシリボ核酸；DNA

gene variant expressed when paired with a recessive variant

顕性（優性）対立遺伝子

temporarily inactive while remaining alive

休眠している；一時的に成長や活動を停止している