TOEFL

The ways participants organize who contributes and when during a conversation or other interaction.

A narrator whose account gives readers reason to question its accuracy, understanding, or judgment.

An instance of spoken or signed language produced in a particular situation, which need not be a complete sentence.

To leave a ship, aircraft, or other passenger vehicle after traveling in it

A very small settlement, usually in the countryside and smaller than a village

The creation of usable land from areas previously covered by water or wet ground, often through filling or drainage

A particular area or neighborhood considered as a place where something occurs or is located

Moving regularly between places rather than living permanently in one place, as part of a way of life

The overall physical appearance and arrangement of a street, including its buildings, trees, sidewalks, lighting, and other visible features

The shape and arrangement of the surface features of an area, including its hills, valleys, and slopes

An urban area that is warmer than surrounding less urbanized areas because of differences in surfaces, vegetation, and human activity

A land-use system that deliberately combines trees or shrubs with crops or livestock

The farming of fish, shellfish, algae, or other aquatic organisms under managed conditions

Suitable for being used to grow crops

The use of living organisms, such as natural enemies, to reduce pest populations or damage

Animals caught during fishing that are not the intended catch or are discarded because they cannot be kept

To cut down all or most trees in a defined area as part of a single harvesting operation

To change an animal population over generations so that it is suited to living with and being used by humans

Left without a crop being grown for harvest for a period as part of land management

To undergo, or cause food to undergo, changes in which microorganisms convert sugars into substances such as acids or alcohol

A process in which microorganisms change sugars into other substances, used in making foods such as yogurt and bread

A long, narrow groove or channel made in soil during farming

A facility where animal eggs, especially fish or poultry eggs, are hatched and young animals may be raised

The practice of growing two or more crops together on the same land during an overlapping period

The arrangements that determine who can hold, use, or control land and under what conditions

A plant in the pea family, including beans, peas, and lentils, typically producing seeds in pods

Soil containing a mixture of sand, silt, and clay without a strongly dominant sandy or clay-like texture

To catch fish from a population at a rate too high to sustain productive fishing over time

To heat a food or drink under controlled conditions to destroy harmful microorganisms and improve its keeping quality