TOEFL

A published collection of selected literary works, often by several writers or centered on a theme.

To form speech sounds by positioning and moving the tongue, lips, and other parts of the vocal tract.

To produce repeated speech-like sounds, especially before a young child uses recognizable words.

To show the qualities of a fictional character through description, speech, actions, or other narrative choices.

Alternating between languages or language varieties within a conversation, interaction, or stretch of communication.

Typical of informal conversation rather than formal speech or writing.

An idea, feeling, or evaluation associated with a word beyond what it directly refers to.

To talk with another person or other people in an exchange of ideas or information.

To refer directly to or designate something through a word, expression, or symbol.

The origin and historical development of a word, or the study of such origins and changes.

A story told by a narrator who refers to themself as I or to their group as we.

To suggest a later development through an earlier detail or event.

Poetry that does not follow a fixed regular meter and allows flexible line lengths and sound patterns.

A language connected with a person's family or community background that differs from the dominant language of the surrounding society.

The systematic scientific study of human language, including its structure, use, development, and variation.

A word adopted into one language from another, often with changes in pronunciation, spelling, or use.

An organized rhythmic pattern in verse, often based in English on arrangements of stressed and unstressed syllables.

Able to use only one language, or involving only one language.

To tell a story or describe a connected sequence of events.

The representation of speech sounds using a systematic set of symbols rather than ordinary spelling.

The study of how context, speaker intentions, and shared knowledge contribute to meaning in language use.

Written language arranged in sentences and paragraphs rather than lines of verse.

The pattern in which the final sounds of poetic lines rhyme, often represented with letters.

A change over time in what a word or expression means.

The study of meaning in language, especially the meanings of words, phrases, and sentences.

An expression that explicitly compares different things, commonly using like or as.

An action performed through language, such as requesting, promising, apologizing, or refusing.

A group of lines forming a unit within a poem, often separated from other groups by space.

The rules and patterns governing how words combine into phrases and sentences.