PTE

a dynamic state in which a reaction proceeds in opposite directions at equal rates under unchanged conditions

a chemical bond in which atoms share one or more pairs of electrons

to separate or purify components of a liquid mixture through vaporization followed by condensation

a separation process that uses differences in volatility through vaporization and subsequent condensation

absorbing heat into the system being considered from its surroundings

releasing heat from the system being considered into its surroundings

the electrostatic attraction that holds oppositely charged ions together

one of the forms of an element whose atoms have the same proton count but different neutron counts

the curved surface of a liquid where it meets the walls of a container

the mass of a substance divided by its amount in moles

the SI unit for amount of substance, defined by a fixed number of specified entities such as atoms or molecules

a particle with no net electrical charge that occurs in atomic nuclei

a chemical change involving loss of electrons or an increase in oxidation state

a compound of oxygen with one other element

to lose electrons or increase in oxidation state, or cause another substance to undergo that change

a laboratory instrument designed to transfer a small quantity of liquid, often with controlled volume

a positively charged particle found in the nucleus of an atom

a starting substance that is changed or consumed as a chemical reaction proceeds

a chemical change involving gain of electrons or a decrease in oxidation state

containing the equilibrium amount of a particular dissolved solute under the specified conditions

the equilibrium amount of a substance that can dissolve in a specified quantity of solvent or solution under given conditions

a component of a solution that is dissolved in the solvent

a mixture in which undissolved particles are dispersed through a fluid and may settle or be separated

involving an immune response directed against the body's own cells or tissues

the study of how health conditions are distributed in populations, what influences them, and how that knowledge can guide prevention

a condition in which breathing repeatedly stops and restarts during sleep

Changes in cultural practices or understandings that arise through sustained contact between cultural groups.

A cultural setting in which buying and using goods plays an important role in identity, status, and everyday life.

A process in which cultures become more similar in some practices, tastes, or forms of expression.