PTE

depicting recognizable people, objects, or scenes, even when their appearance is simplified or altered

to make small, localized changes to an image, such as adding color to compensate for a damaged area

The pattern in which the final sounds of poetic lines rhyme, often represented with letters.

The use of humor, irony, or exaggeration to criticize people, institutions, or social practices.

An expression that explicitly compares different things, commonly using like or as.

A group of lines forming a unit within a poem, often separated from other groups by space.

a correspondence of parts on opposite sides of a line or around a center

the design and arrangement of letters and other written characters in print or on screen

A narrator whose account gives readers reason to question its accuracy, understanding, or judgment.

an arrangement of visual elements whose apparent weights create a sense of stability

The possibility of more than one meaning or interpretation, or a particular instance of this.

Alternating between languages or language varieties within a conversation, interaction, or stretch of communication.

To invent a new word or expression.

Typical of informal conversation rather than formal speech or writing.

An idea, feeling, or evaluation associated with a word beyond what it directly refers to.

A reporter who provides news from a particular place or about a particular subject.

to discover the meaning of writing or signs that are difficult to read or understand

To refer directly to or designate something through a word, expression, or symbol.

False or misleading information deliberately created or spread to deceive people.

To spread information or ideas widely among people or groups.

An article that expresses the view of a publication or its editors on a matter of public interest.

Using words in a meaning beyond their direct or basic sense, often to make a comparison or evoke an image.

A language connected with a person's family or community background that differs from the dominant language of the surrounding society.

Relating to communication or relationships between people.

The process through which a person develops knowledge and use of a language.

Interaction between speakers or communities using different languages, which can influence their language use.

Relating to language, its structure and use, or the study of language.

The systematic scientific study of human language, including its structure, use, development, and variation.

A word adopted into one language from another, often with changes in pronunciation, spelling, or use.