PTE

to state a claim firmly or confidently, whether or not supporting evidence is provided

Strong enough to make an argument, reason, or piece of evidence difficult to dismiss.

Different but combining in a way that improves or completes the whole.

to have particular parts or members as a whole

To acknowledge that a point is true or reasonable, often despite an earlier or broader disagreement.

Relating to ideas or concepts rather than particular instances.

An acknowledgment that part of another person's argument is true or reasonable.

to bring separate elements together into a more coherent or stronger whole

to form a whole or be considered a particular kind of thing

to state that a particular view is true, often when other people may disagree

to provide information that is inconsistent with a statement, explanation, or previous result

Expressing claims that cannot both be true in the same respect.

used to introduce a situation in which the relationship just described is reversed

To strengthen support for a statement or account by supplying additional evidence or information.

An example that shows a general claim does not hold in every case it is meant to cover.

A person or thing with a corresponding role elsewhere.

A detailed evaluation that discusses the strengths and weaknesses of a piece of work.

to reach a conclusion by reasoning from information or facts already available

causing harm or making a situation worse

to explain an idea or statement in more detail

Equality in value, meaning, or function, not necessarily identity.

Helping to explain how or why something happens.

to make an activity or process easier to carry out

An error in reasoning that weakens an argument, even when the argument may initially seem persuasive.

to cause a situation, idea, or problem to begin or develop

for the reason just given; used to introduce a consequence or conclusion

used to suggest that any difference or effect is in a particular direction, often opposite to what was expected

Suggested or understood without being stated directly.

in a way that follows or agrees with a stated rule, instruction, or arrangement